Early alterations of the lipid profile and the Triglyceride / HDL-C index in Infants under 2 years old with overweight and obesity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61651/rped.2019v71n1p14-20Keywords:
Infant, Triglycerides, Lipoproteins, HDL, Overweight, ObesityAbstract
Objective: To evaluate early changes in the lipid profile and TG/HDL-C index in infants under 2 years old with overweight and obesity.
Methods: Cross sectional study which included infants from 6 months to 2 years old attended by overweight and obesity in the HCH from December (2018) to july (2019), with complete medical history, anthropometry and lipid profile. We defined overweight (Z-BMI between 2-3SD) and obesity (Z-BMI>3 SD). We calculated the lipid profile by the colorimetric method. We considered acceptable levels: Triglycerides<75 mg/ dL, HDL-C>45 mg/dL, total cholesterol<170 mg/dL y LDL-C<110 mg/dL. We considered high level of TG/ HDL-C≥2.32. We did descriptive statistics, chi-square and Fisher ́s exact test, we considered significant p<0.05 and we used STATA 15.
Results: We included 32 infants in the analysis. Overweight (36.4%) and obesity (63.6%), the mean age: 1.1±0.4 years old, male (53.1%), exclusive breastfeeding (75%), large for gestational age (18.7%), maternal obesity (37.5%), paternal obesity (46.9%), obesity in first-degree relative (81.2%). About the lipid profile: high levels of triglycerides (65.6%), low levels of HDL-C (84.4%), high levels of LDL-C (37.5%) and high level of total cholesterol (40.6%). We found triglycerides/HDL-C index ≥2.32: overweight infants (45.5%) and obesity infants (66.7%) (p=0.28). We didn't find significant differences about the triglycerides/HDL-C index, neither sex (p=0.47) nor type of breastfeeding (p=0.67).
Conclusion: Early and common changes of the lipid profile in infants with overweight and obesity were high levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL-C, which generate high percentages of infants with high level of triglycerides/HDL-C. More studies are needed to interpret this findings and implement preventive measures since early ages.
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